Interaction of radiation with matter different types of radiation interact with matter in widely different ways. This attenuation results from interactions of individual photons in the beam with atoms in the absorber patient. Choose from 395 different sets of x ray interaction matter flashcards on quizlet. Physics 23 fall 1989 lab 5 the interaction of gamma rays with matter theory the nuclei of radioactive atoms spontaneously decay in three ways known as alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Interactions have wavelike and particle like properties. Precise knowledge of the mechanism by which radiations interact with matter is required for understanding diffusion and. Gamma ray interactions with matter 33 smaller at a gamma ray energy just below the binding energy of the k electron. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Nuclear decay and gamma ray production 1 scattering and absorption of highenergy photons by matter 2 compton scattering 3 photoelectric absorption 5 pair production 6 the apparatus. Pdf chapter four interaction of radiation with matter. Click download or read online button to get interaction of radiation with matter book now. If we consider the ratio of the particle speed to the speed of light as. A large, massive, charged alpha particle cannot penetrate a piece of paper and even.
The event may be an actual absorption process in which case photon disappears or the photon may be scattered out of the beam. Chapter1 photon interaction with matter and production of. Introduction to coherent scatter, compton scatter and photoelectric effect contact. Introduction to what promotes the interactions of xrays photons with matter patient tissue. Bushong chapter 10 x ray interaction with matter summary questions.
Xrays are electromagnetic radiation emitted by charged particles usually electrons in changing atomic energy levels or in slowing down in a coulomb force field. X ray interactions are important in diagnostic examinations for many reasons. The two most important general types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay are charged particles, such as. Npre 435, radiological imaging, fall 2016 radiation interactions. Experiments 30a and 30b interaction of gamma rays with matter introduction. Production of xrays and interactions of xrays with matter. X ray interactions with matter university of toronto. It is most often the predominant interaction mechanism for gamma ray energies typical of radioisotope sources. Compton scattering takes place between the incident gamma ray photon and an electron in the absorbing material. Passage of particles through matter particle data group.
Xradiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation, the wavelength of which is in the range of 0. Occurs when an incident x ray photon interacts with a loosely bound outer shell electron. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Gamma and xray interaction with matter baen625 advances in food engineering. Xray interaction with matter, scattering and diffraction. Safeguards and security technology training program.
Ppt interaction of radiation with matter ii powerpoint. Interactions with matter absorption of beta and gamma radiation the purpose of this experiment is to understand the interaction of radiation and matter, and the application to radiation detection and shielding. These radiations transfer their energy to matter as they pass through it. The optical constants of electronbeam evaporated boron from 6.
Xrays have a very small wavelength, no larger than 108 to 109. Interaction between the x ray and the nuclear electric filed that caused the x ray to disappear. Then it removes the electron from its shell and proceeds in a different direction as a scattered photon. Instruction focuses on handson measurements in a laboratory setting using real nuclear material in small groups led by experienced instructors. Absorption, scattering and diffraction, ee290f, 18 jan 2007. Interactions of x rays with matter the intensity of an x ray beam is reduced by interaction with the matter it encounters. The masses of all the samples are the same but the densities are different. For example, the selective interaction of x ray photons. Gamma rays ionize matter primarily via indirect ionization. A very good resource for scattering theory is chen, s. Learn x ray interaction matter with free interactive flashcards. Dual characteristics of xrays xrays belong to a group of radiation called electromagnetic radiation. Sinha advanced photon source argonne national laboratory synopsis v advantagesdisadvantages of x ray and neutrons v scattering length and scattering cross section v kinematic theory of scattering and definition of scattering function sq.
Jan 03, 2016 interaction of x and gamma rays with matter 1. They are considered as ionizing radiation whose scattering by electrons and nuclei leads to the creation of a radiation field containing. The electronic interactions of fast charged particles with speed v. Photon interaction with matter and production of fluorescent xrays 1. Attenuation is the removal of photons from a beam of x or gamma rays as it passes through matter. The diffraction efficiency of a transmission grating. The fundamental interactions between xrays and matter. Gamma and xray interactions in matter photon interactions in. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Week 3b chapter 12 xray interaction with matter 61 chapter. Basic interactions of radiation with matter photon interactions absorption of energy when an xray beam passes into an absorbing medium such as body tissues, some of the energy carried by the beam is transferred to the medium where it may produce biological damage the energy deposited per unit mass of the medium. The main properties of xrays which make them suitable for the purposes of medical diagnosis and therapy are. Possible outcomes 3 possible fates of individual photons when they encounter matter 1.
Gamma rays interaction with matter is important from the perspective of shielding against their effect on biological matter. Interaction of gamma radiation with matter nuclear power. Experiments 30a and 30b interaction of gamma rays with matter. Interaction of radiation with matter nuclear power. Chapter 12 xray interaction with matter electromagnetic radiation interacts with structures with similar size to the wavelength of the radiation. It covers the relationship between patient size, attenuation, kv, and dose. Caused by both absorption and scattering of primary photons. It is one of the possible ways in which gamma rays interact with matter. Alpha decay occurs when the nucleus ejects a particle called an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons i. Interaction of gamma rays and xrays with matter request pdf. X ray photons are created by the interaction of energetic electrons with matter at the atomic level.
The x ray photons are either absorbed or scattered out of the beam. The attenuation coefficient in equation 21 is called the linear attenuation coefficient. Interaction of radiation with matter ii 1 interaction of radiation with matter ii 2 attenuation of x and gamma rays. Gammaray interactions with matter 29 a much lower fraction of incident gamma radiation than does a similar thickness of aluminum or steel. X rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus. Training courses focus on nondestructive assay techniques applied to nuclear safeguards and security applications. Interaction of radiation with matter download ebook pdf.
Gamma rays interaction with matter causes the generation of other charged particles such as positrons and electrons at relativistic speeds. Recall that photons are individual units of energy. Photons x ray and gamma end their lives by transferring their energy to electrons contained in matter. The inverse square law of the distance is demonstrated with the gamma 60radiation from. Gamma and x ray interaction with matter baen625 advances in food engineering. X ray and gamma ray interactions photoelectric effect the interaction cross section depends strongly on z. Interaction of radiation with matter radiology key. The classification of x rays and gamma rays can be done on their origin. Gamma rays travel at the speed of light and they can travel thousands of meters in air before spending their. The coulomb interaction is longranged so the slowing down of the charged particles is most effective and is a continuous process. X rays are electromagnetic radiation emitted by charged particles usually electrons in changing atomic energy levels or in slowing down in a coulomb force field. Selfst gama ray int iemsad eraction vanced ph with m ysics class atter notes page 1. Interaction of gamma rays with matter when a beam of gamma ray photon is incident on any material it removed individually in a single event. An interaction in which an incident x ray photon enters a tissue atom, interacts with an orbital electron and removes it from its shell.
In doing so, the incident photon loses up to one third of its energy and is usually deflected in a new direction. As mentioned above, there are three mechanisms of interaction which are important at the gamma ray energies we are interested in. An actual manifestation of this process is the pairproduction process in the interaction of gamma rays with matter where a photon of gamma rays as highfrequency and short wave length electromagnetic radiation with an energy exceeding 1. Study 50 terms xray interaction with matter flashcards. This discontinuity is called the k edge below this energy the gamma ray does not have sufticient energy to dislodge a k electron. As an xray beam or gamma radiation passes through an object.
Jan 26, 20 physical interaction of x ray with matter 1. Electrons traveling from the filament cathode to the target anode convert a small percentage. Although a large number of possible interactions are known, there are three key interaction mechanisms with matter. Gamma rays interact primarily with atomic electrons. Physics 23 fall 1989 lab 5 the interaction of gamma rays. Interactions of photons with matter photons are electromagnetic radiation with zero mass, zero charge. Outline the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. The densitythickness is the same in each case, so the three slabs will. Photons are electromagnetic radiation with zero mass, zero charge, and a velocity that is always c, the speed of light. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Xray interactions with matter university of toronto. Interaction of gamma rays with matter when a beam of gamma ray photon is incident on any material it. Compton scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range, but generally involves moderateenergy x ray photons e. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation either emitted from a nucleus or an annihilation reaction between matter and antimatter.
897 1024 1162 21 1142 1472 479 861 368 76 1247 1273 60 1470 1493 1634 892 968 1138 700 547 1361 389 1337 1242 873 1156 1494 888 570 960 1180 269